Metaphysical Investigations

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Plato in his Timaeus Dialogue raises the question of the genesis of the world and its relation to God, one of his most fundamental theories, with a different approach to his other dialogues. Although he has elaborated on this important issue in his other Writings, however, Plato’s approach and method in Timaeus dialogue is based on natural science, which was prevalent in Greece at the time. In this article is attempted to analyze and explain the issue of the genesis of the world and its foundations by committing t0 the content of Timaeus. Plato’s theory in Timaeus is based on three fundamental principles: the world of Ideas, the becoming of the world, and Demiurge as the representative of reason which implies the purposefulness of the universe. Plato explains the relation of the world of Ideas and the world of becoming to the wise intellect, and in this way seeks to undermine the foundations of the materialist theory of Democritus, which was one of the most important scientific theories of the time, and explains the world according to the principle of purposefulness, which has no place in the thought of Democritus, and establishes new cosmological principle.

Keywords: The World of Ideas, world of becoming, reason, Demiurge, Democritus, purposefulness, necessity, causality, Timaeus.

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