year 4, Issue 8 (12-2023)
پژوهش های مابعدالطبیعی 2023, 4(8): 367-396 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Nikzad A, Pourhasan G. Virtues Origins of Evil According to Plato and the Middle Platonist. پژوهش های مابعدالطبیعی 2023; 4 (8) :367-396
URL: http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html
URL: http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html
Allameh Tabataba’i University
Abstract: (799 Views)
Plato, the renowned Greek philosopher, expounds a multitude of ideas within his works concerning the problem of evil. These ideas have exerted a profound influence on ancient and medieval philosophers. However, Plato's theories regarding the origin of evil are fragmented and lack coherence. In his dialogues such as Timaeus, Laws, and Statesman, he references several metaphysical entities as evil principles. Nevertheless, the dialogues do not stand as the sole source for comprehending Plato's views on the problem of evil. It seems that certain teachings of Plato did not manifest explicitly in his dialogues and were orally conveyed to his disciples. These teachings are referred to as the "Unwritten Doctrines," and our understanding of them primarily derives from reports provided by Plato's disciples. Among the first disciples of Plato, the Unwritten Doctrines held equal importance to the teachings contained in the dialogues, and our principal source of information about these teachings comes from Aristotle's reports in Metaphysics and Physics.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Philosophy
Received: 2023/10/1 | Accepted: 2023/10/16 | Published: 2024/01/6
Received: 2023/10/1 | Accepted: 2023/10/16 | Published: 2024/01/6
References
1. ارسطو (1377)، متافیزیک، شرف‍الدین خراسانی، تهران، حکمت.
2. بختیاری، فاطمه (۱۳۹۶)، منشا وجودی شر در فلسفه افلاطون. پژوهش‌های هستی شناختی، 6 (11)، 151-164.
3. فیروزکوهی، محمد؛ احمدی افرمجانی، علی اکبر (۱3۹۷)، نقش ضرورت در مواجهه با مسئلۀ شر در فلسفۀ افلاطون. پژوهشنامۀ فلسفه دین، 16 (1)، 197-210.
4. کورنگ بهشتی، رضا؛ بینای مطلق، سعید؛ کرباسی زاده، علی (۱۳۹۳)، شرح و بسط پروکلوس از اشارات افلاطون به مسئلۀ شرور و نسبت آنها با عنایت و فاعلیت الهی. پژوهش‌های فلسفی، 8 (14)، 27-48.
5. یزدانی، عباس (۱۳۹۲)، نقد نظریۀ عدل الاهی غایت‌شناسانه سوئین برن در مساله شر. فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، 46 (2)، 143-161.
6. Adamson, Peter (2011), Making a Virtue of Necessity: Anangkê in Plato and Plotinus, Études platoniciennes (8), 9-30, [DOI:10.4000/etudesplatoniciennes.442]
7. Alcinoos (1990), Enseignement des doctrines de Platon, John Whittaker, Les Belles Lettres.
8. Aristotle (2016), Metaphysics, C. D. C. Reeve, Hackett Publishing Company.
9. Aristotle. (2018), Physics. C. D. C. Reeve, Hackett Publishing Company.
10. Bobonich, Christopher (Ed.) (2010), Plato's Laws: a critical guide, New York, Cambridge University Press.
11. Bonazzi, Mauro (2023), Platonism: a concise history from the early academy to late antiquity, New York, Cambridge University Press.
12. Boys-Stones, George (2018), Platonist philosophy 80 BC to AD 250: an introduction and collection of sources in translation, New York, Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/9781139050203]
13. Calder, Todd (2022) The Concept of Evil, Retrieved October 10, 2023, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/concept-evil/
14. Dillon, John (2003), The Riddle of the Academy, In The Heirs of Plato (pp1-29), Oxford University Press. [DOI:10.1093/0198237669.003.0001]
15. Dillon, John. (1996). The middle platonists, 80 B.C. to A.D. 220 (Rev. ed. with a new afterword). Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
16. Findlay, John (1974), Plato: the written and unwritten doctrines, London, Humanities Press.
17. Hick, John (1990) Philosophy of Religion (4th Edition), Prentice-Hall.
18. Ilievski, Viktor (2013), Soul, Causation and Evil: is Plato's ψυχή indeed κινήσεως ἁπάσης αἰτία and τῶν πάντων αἰτία? Hermathena, (195), 31-54.
19. Inwood, Brad (Ed.) (2003), The Cambridge companion to the Stoics, New York, Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/CCOL052177005X]
20. Jelinek, Elizabeth (2011), Pre-Cosmic Necessity in Plato's Timaeus, Apeiron, 44(3), [DOI:10.1515/apeiron.2011.017]
21. Jourdan, Fabienne (2014), La matière à l'origine du mal chez Numénius (Fr. 43 et 52 Des Places), Philosophie antique, (14), 185-235. [DOI:10.4000/philosant.795]
22. Karamanolis, George (2013, September 6), Numenius, Retrieved July 14, 2023, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/numenius/
23. Karamanolis, George (2014, November 4), Plutarch, Retrieved July 12, 2023, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plutarch/
24. Menn, Stephen (1998), Commentary on Steel, Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium of Ancient Philosophy, 14(1), 103-109, [DOI:10.1163/2213441798X00090]
25. Narbonne, Jean-Marc (2011), Plotinus in dialogue with the Gnostics, Boston, Brill. [DOI:10.1163/ej.9789004203266.i-152]
26. Numenius (1973), Fragments, Édouard des Places, Paris, Les Belles Lettres.
27. Opsomer, Jan (2001), Proclus vs Plotinus on Matter ("De mal. subs." 30-7), Phronesis, 46(2), 154-188. [DOI:10.1163/156852801753733268]
28. Opsomer, Jan (2017), Is Plutarch Really Hostile to the Stoics?, In T. Engberg-Pedersen (ed.), From Stoicism to Platonism (1st ed., pp296-321), Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/9781316694459.016]
29. O'Rourke, Fran (2015), Evil as privation: the Neoplatonic background to Aquinas's De malo, 1, In M. V. Dougherty (ed.), Aquinas's Disputed Questions on Evil: A Critical Guide (1st ed., pp192-221), Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9781107360167.010]
30. Phillips, John (2007), Order From Disorder. Proclus' Doctrine of Evil and its Roots in Ancient Platonism, Brill. [DOI:10.1163/ej.9789004160187.i-281]
31. Plato (1997), Plato: Complete Works, Hackett Publishing Company.
32. Plutarchus (2003), Plutarch: Moralia, Volume V (Loeb Classical Library No. 306) (Reprinted), Babbitt, F. C, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
33. Plutarchus (2000), Plutarch: Moralia, Volume XIII, Part 1 (Loeb Classical Library No. 427) (Reprinted), Cherniss, H. F, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
34. Reydams-Schils, Gretchen (2017), Maximus of Tyre on God and Providence, In Seaford, Richard, Wilkins, John (eds.), Selfhood and the Soul (pp125-138), Oxford University Press. [DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198777250.003.0008]
35. Ross, David (1951), Plato's Theory of Ideas (1st ed.), Oxford, Clarendon Press.
36. Swinburne, Richard (1978) Natural Evil, American Philosophical Quarterly, 15 (4), 295-301.
37. Theiler, Willy (1957), Gott und Seele im kaiserzeitlichen Denken, Recherches, 3, 65-91, [DOI:https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-660601]
38. Tooley, Michael (2015), The Problem of Evil, Retrieved October 10, 2023, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/evil/
39. Wood, James (2009), Is There an "Archê Kakou" in Plato? The Review of Metaphysics, 63(2), 349-384.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Vote
