@article{ 
author = {ahmadi, fatemeh and miri, jav},  
title = {Reza Davari Ardakani\'s reading of Edward Said}, 
abstract ={This article provides a comparative-analytical study of the thoughts of Reza Davari Ardakani and Edward Said, two of the most prominent contemporary critics of Western hegemony. The main problem of the article is the manner of Davari's metaphysical and Heideggerian reading of Edward Said's political-discursive and post-structuralist critique. Both thinkers share common starting points in areas such as the critique of the project of modernity, the inseparable link between knowledge and power, and the crisis of representation. The article argues that Davari's reading of Edward Said is a critical one. From Davari's perspective, Said's critique of phenomena like "Orientalism" and colonialism, though valuable on a political level, remains an "inadequate" and superficial critique because it fails to address the metaphysical roots of the crisis-namely, the technological and subjectivist nature of Western thought-and remains within the framework of humanist and secular concepts. The article concludes that from Davari's viewpoint, Said's critique is not an exit from the West, but is itself one of the last manifestations of the internal crisis of Western thought. This contrast illuminates the two main paradigms of the non-Western world's encounter with modernity: the paradigm of political-cultural reform versus metaphysical-existential rupture.},  
Keywords = {Orientalism, Critique of the West, Modernity, Metaphysics, Post-structuralism, Heidegger},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hosseini, Seyyed Mostafa and sufiani, Mahmoud and Asghari, Mohamm},  
title = {Rereading the process of "introspection" in light of the social constructivist paradigm}, 
abstract ={Abstract the problem of introspection can perhaps be called an impossible easy one, because at the same time it is very difficult and contains fundamental issues. This dual characteristic allows for different readings of it. In the traditional reading, introspection is a first-person method through which an individual has infallible and privileged access to his conscious experiences. This traditional idea of ​​introspection - formed in the framework of the "folk psychology" paradigm - is accompanied by epistemological criticisms and challenges. Although these criticisms are worth considering in their own right, we do not seek to respond to them in this article. The aim of this article is to show that, by using an analytical-descriptive approach, the problem of introspection can be re-read and analyzed within the framework of another paradigm, namely constructivism. The findings of this study suggest that introspection, perhaps not in all cases, can be considered a construct. This means that our understanding of ourselves and our mental states is more dependent on society and its constructs than is commonly thought.  },  
Keywords = {Introspection, Constructivism, Mental States, Folk Psychology, Construction},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-370-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-370-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ZohdiSehat, Hossien and Seif, Syed Masoud and Baghershahi, Ali Naghi},  
title = {The Place of Derrida Bergson in Gilles Deleuze\'s Philosophical Puzzle}, 
abstract ={This article examines and critically assesses the role of Bergson’s durée in Deleuze’s philosophy. Deleuze is fascinated by Spinoza's concept of expression, which unifies the single essence and its states and attributes; but this "expression" is temporal. In other words, the essence, which is a fluid constant, requires a fluid context for its expression or realization; this context is time. Of course, this time is neither circular, nor linear time, nor even existential time; but it is a special time that is raised by the key Bergsonian concept of the durée. The durée, according to the Deleuze-Bergsonian understanding of time, is internal, non-numerical, indivisible, and devoid of spatial characteristics. The durée is focused on transition, change, and becoming; but the becoming that endures, and the change that is the fluidity of the essence. The main characteristic of the durée is difference; in fact, the durée is that which is different from itself, a difference that does not fall under the categories of identity. What makes the durée the durable is its difference; Of course, this difference is not a difference with something or a difference with another, but a difference with oneself, or more precisely, a difference in itself; this shows that difference in itself is not an attribute imposed on the other but is entirely inherent to it. It is this inherent attribute that charms Deleuze and makes him fascinated by Bergson. Deleuze, through a re-reading of Bergson, constructs a temporally oriented and difference-based apparatus for understanding being.  },  
Keywords = {Deleuze, Bergson, time, durée, becoming, difference},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hoseinzadeh, Mortez},  
title = {Analytical Critique of Objections to the Purpose-Contradiction Argument in the Proof of Prophetic Infallibility}, 
abstract ={  The argument from frustration of purpose (burhān naqḍ al-gharaḍ) is a key rational proof in Imāmī theology for establishing the absolute infallibility of the prophets. Grounded in divine wisdom and the purposiveness of God’s actions, it holds that the full realization of the prophetic mission—comprehensive guidance and human felicity—requires absolute infallibility; any possibility of error or sin would weaken public trust and compromise effective guidance. In Imāmī thought, infallibility is understood as extrinsic impossibility (imtināʿ bi’l-ghayr): while the prophet retains free will, he lacks any effective motive to sin due to presentational knowledge, profound love for God, and a firmly rooted moral disposition. Using an analytical–critical approach and drawing on classical Imāmī theological sources and contemporary philosophical works, this study examines major objections to the argument, including the sufficiency of relative infallibility, appeals to the principle of “greater good and lesser evil,” analogies between prophets and religious authorities, and the Humean objection concerning the inference of an “ought” from an “is.” It argues that these critiques result from conflating partial with complete realization of divine purpose, overlooking the essential distinction between prophets and other religious agents, and misconstruing the relationship between divine knowledge, will, and power. The study concludes that divine wisdom requires prophets to be immune, throughout their entire lives, from all intentional and unintentional error and forgetfulness in receiving and conveying revelation as well as in personal and social conduct.},  
Keywords = {Infallibility, Purpose-Contradiction Argument, Contingent Impossibility, Divine Wisdom, Deep-rooted Moral Disposition of the Soul.},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {kiani, Mohammad hosi},  
title = {An Analysis of the Awareness Arising from Near-Death Experience (NDE) in Life Improvement from the Perspective of Betty Eadie}, 
abstract ={The near-death experience (NDE) is a psycho-metaphysical phenomenon that raises new questions in religious and spiritual studies, often leading to a desire for spiritual transformation aimed at life improvement. Betty Eadie's thought centers on this approach. This paper asks: How valid is the awareness Eadie claims to have gained through her NDE, which underpins her life-improvement views? First, an interpretation of Eadie’s experience is presented, portraying the awareness from NDE as an expanded form of consciousness. This leads to a perspective on the link between awareness and healing—especially through her ontological views on “positive and negative energy” and “healing power,” both central to her thought. However, Eadie’s approach is questionable on two fronts. Methodologically, she interprets her lived experience within the New Age spirituality paradigm, which presents epistemological issues and blurs the boundary between personal and universal awareness. From a reasoning perspective, her view suffers from fallacies, especially the unjustified generalization of personal experience to universal human life. These critiques do not negate the significance of her account but invite a critical examination of its foundations. In sum, the paper explores both the promise and the limitations of Eadie’s awareness-based approach to life transformation through NDE.  },  
Keywords = {spirituality, experience, personal transformation, healing, New Age, fallacy.},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rastaei, Hamedeh},  
title = {From Incarnation to Manifestation: The Metaphysical Foundations of Aniconism in Islamic Art}, 
abstract ={The absence of figural representation in Islamic art is not merely a juridical restriction or an aesthetic preference, but is rooted in Islam’s metaphysical understanding of the relationship between God, the world, and the manifestation of the sacred. By examining the contrast between the theological paradigms of incarnation and manifestation (theophany), this article argues that the aesthetic divergence between Christian and Islamic art arises from two distinct conceptions of divine presence. In Christian theology, the doctrine of incarnation affirms the embodiment of the Divine Word in a concrete historical person, thereby legitimizing iconography as a visual mediation of sacred presence. In Islamic theology and philosophy—especially within mystical thought and Transcendent Wisdom—the relation between transcendence and resemblance is resolved by distinguishing between the level of Essence and the level of Act. The Divine Essence remains beyond all form and determination, while divine reality appears in the world through manifestation rather than embodiment. Consequently, no determinate image can function as an exclusive bearer of the sacred, rendering figural representation metaphysically unjustified. The juridical prohibition of images thus operates as a historical safeguard against limiting the infinite and reviving idolatrous patterns. The article concludes that the absence of images enables a distinctive affirmative aesthetic in Islamic art, expressed in calligraphy, geometric patterns, and arabesque forms that visually articulate unity in multiplicity and a non-representational sacred presen},  
Keywords = {Iconography and Islamic Art: Incarnation, Transcendent Philosophy, and Islamic Mysticism},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-385-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-385-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nourali, Sara and Vakili, Hadi and Jafarian, Mortez},  
title = {Applicability of Mulla Sadra’s Philosophy in Philosophical Counseling: Based on Cohen’s Logical Therapy}, 
abstract ={Philosophical Counselling is a modern approach to solving life issues, and Elliott Cohen’s Logic-Based Therapy is one of its therapeutic methods. This method addresses the correction of perceptions and the improvement of individuals’ behaviors and emotions by identifying logical fallacies in beliefs and providing philosophical antidotes. Therefore, logic-based therapy prioritizes perceptions as the primary root of behaviors and decision-making in reforms. In Mulla Sadra’s philosophy as well, perceptions are the axis of human identity, and through the theory of the :union: of the perceiver and the perceived and the unity of faculties, the mutual relationship between perceptions and actions is explained; he believes that human identity is formed from his perceptions, and actions also influence perceptions. Based on these two perspectives, this research answers the question of whether philosophical counselling based on Sardina philosophy can be provided. The results show that by correcting perceptions and incorrect beliefs through reflective and logical self-awareness, one can hope for improved behaviors and enhanced quality of life; because this Sardina approach is consistent with Elliott Cohen’s principles, and the use of Sardina concepts, especially the :union: of the intellect and the intelligible, makes it possible to provide indigenous philosophical counselling. Additionally, this research suggests that combining the Sardina perspective with philosophical counselling methods can be used as an effective approach in solving life issues and promoting self-awareness.},  
Keywords = {philosophical counseling, LBT method, unity, unity of faculties, Mulla Sadra’s philosophy},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {koohihajiabadi, hanieh},  
title = {Reorganization of the Epistemic Network of Religion and Reason in the Tradition of Islamic Philosophy Based on the Dynamic Model}, 
abstract ={This research examines the epistemic structure of religion in the tradition of Islamic philosophy, demonstrating that Muslim philosophers’ use of religion is not as a static and homogeneous source but rather in variable relations with reason and intuition. Such a relationship sometimes leads to functional dispersion and epistemic heterogeneity in the works of Muslim philosophers, to the point where identifying a "stable epistemic core" for religion becomes a complex and ambiguous issue. To resolve this ambiguity, this paper proposes a model called "Epistemic Dynamics," which conceptualizes religion not as a closed epistemic system but as a dynamic process in continuous interaction with rational faculties and intuitive experience. This model, by providing a systematic framework, is capable of explaining both the historical differences and diversity in philosophers' interpretations of religion and also facilitates the reconstruction of a kind of epistemic coherence within Islamic philosophy. In this way, the "Epistemic Dynamics" approach offers a new perspective, enabling the overcoming of long-standing tensions and challenges between reason and religion, and shows that the epistemic structure of religion in the tradition of Islamic philosophy should be recognized as a dynamic and dialectical process, in continuous synergy and interaction with reason and intuitive experience.},  
Keywords = {Relation of reason and religion, Islamic philosophy, epistemic dynamics, belief revision, epistemic coherence},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {pashaei, mohammadjav},  
title = {A Sadrian Reconsideration of Psychological Self-Esteem}, 
abstract ={Many psychologists consider the need for self-esteem to be one of the most important human needs and consider personal self-evaluation to be the most decisive factor in psychological development. Despite the extensive research on self-esteem in psychology, its philosophical dimension has received far less attention. The present study aims to explicate the two main components of self-esteem—worthiness and competence—through the lens of Mulla Sadra’s philosophy, and to compare them with the prevailing concepts in psychology. The research adopts a comparative-analytical method, utilizing documentary analysis and a review of Sadrian and psychological sources. Competence is the individual’s ability to solve problems and manage life circumstances, while worthiness refers to one’s inner evaluation of personal significance and merit. The findings indicate that Mulla Sadra conceptualizes human worthiness on intrinsic and acquired levels. Moreover, the competence component in his thought is closely tied to practical reason (ʿaql ʿamali) and its four ascending stages, culminating in the station of fanāʾ (annihilation). At this highest level, the human soul attains balance among its faculties and achieves influence beyond the body, extending to mastery over the natural world.  },  
Keywords = {: self-esteem, worthiness, competence, Mulla Sadra, practical reason},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-380-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-380-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bahmani, Neamatallah and Razmi, Habibollah and Parsania, Hami},  
title = {Investigating the Corporeality of Light: Perspectives from Transcendent Wisdom and Modern Physics}, 
abstract ={The prevalent physicalist perspective cannot adequately account for all properties of light. Although light possesses some characteristics of material bodies, it also exhibits certain non-material and unconventional attributes. In modern physics, evidence such as its masslessness, constancy of speed in vacuum, uncountability of its particles(photons), indeterminacy of spatial position for its particles, and lack of structure indicates light’s distinction from conventional physical and material bodies. Based on findings in modern physics and the insights of Muslim philosophers, particularly those of Transcendent Wisdom, light can be conceptualized as an exemplar and intermediary between the material and immaterial realms. This enables the proposal of a continuous gradational luminous system(niẓām-i nūrī-i tashkīkī) extending from the material to the immaterial without positing any separation or discontinuity between them. This paper elucidates the criteria of material bodies in Islamic philosophy and the properties of light according to the latest findings of modern physics, arguing that perceptible, natural light, by virtue of its trans-material properties, serves as an apt connecting link between matter and immaterial entities},  
Keywords = {Light, Corporeality of Light, Physicalism, Islamic Philosophy, Modern Physics.},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {0-0}, 
publisher = {Kharazmi University},
url = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.html},  
eprint = {http://mi.khu.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.docx},  
journal = {Metaphysical Investigations},  
issn = {2783-2198}, 
eissn = {2783-2198}, 
year = {2026}  
}