عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
This article seeks to address one of the central crises of contemporary humanity through the framework of Mullā Ṣadrā’s Transcendent Philosophy: namely, the question of the nature of true and authentic freedom—its path, its ultimate end, and its defining components and characteristics. Within this philosophical system, freedom can be understood as drawing near to the Infinite Truth. Building on this definition, the article offers a precise account of the meaning of “drawing near” (taqarrub) and clarifies the nature of the path that leads to freedom. In Transcendent Philosophy, the movement toward freedom—or, conversely, toward captivity—takes place within the human being itself, specifically within the domain of the soul (nafs). Accordingly, self-knowledge, or maʿrifat al-nafs, constitutes the true path to freedom. The individual who attains presential and intuitive knowledge of the self sets foot upon the path of liberation. As self-knowledge deepens, one’s degree of freedom and existential expansiveness correspondingly increases, since knowledge of the self is inseparably linked with knowledge of the Divine, the Infinite Truth. This process continues until the individual reaches the highest degree of freedom attainable for a human being. The definition of freedom as “drawing near to the Infinite Truth” can be distinguished from other conceptions of freedom by at least seven key characteristics: (1) a comprehensive understanding of human reality, (2) a firmly monotheistic foundation, (3) harmony with human innate nature (fiṭra), (4) an intrinsically ethical orientation, (5) a grounding in rationality and dignity, (6) adherence to divine law (sharīʿa), and (7) a teleological orientation toward an ultimate and meaningful end.
کلیدواژهها English
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