عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Process theologians, in their attempt to address theological challenges, propose a new interpretation of God’s agency within the natural order. According to them, divine agency, based on the processual and organismic nature of reality, must be understood in a way that safeguards the agency, freedom, and creativity of other beings. Their solution involves restricting God’s power and knowledge, which ultimately results in the denial of God’s intrinsic necessity and His supervening relationship with other beings. In this view, God becomes merely a necessary condition and a preparatory cause, existing on the same level as other causes and natural agents in the world. Consequently, the laws and order of the natural world emerge from the free will and creativity of natural beings.
In contrast, Mulla Sadra, affirming both God’s intrinsic necessity and His supervening relationship with creation, and understanding God as the Agent through self-manifestation, considers divine agency to be authentic and creative. By viewing existence as the object of positing, he asserts that all beings and their necessary relations, including the laws of the world, are encompassed within God’s simple positing. This philosophical framework offers a coherent response to the challenges that Western theology faces regarding divine agency.
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