عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
Humean metaphysics represents a philosophical stance encompassing anti-essentialist and anti-realist perspectives that have shaped thought from the time of Newton to the present. Within this framework, entities lack intrinsic essences and essential properties, rendering them passive and devoid of inherent causality or necessity. Consequently, phenomena do not unfold due to causal powers, capacities, or inclinations but instead follow patterns determined by local and temporal modifications. Furthermore, natural laws, within this perspective, are mere regularities rather than causal laws, making it impossible to assert their truth.
To establish a belief in necessity and causality, a theoretical framework beyond humean metaphysics is required. Both classical essentialism and its modern counterpart provide such a foundation. In these views, causality and agency emerge from the intrinsic essences of entities. According to new essentialism, objects possess causal powers, capacities, and inclinations, forming their essential properties. These properties serve as the basis for the necessity and causality inherent in natural processes and act as the truthmakers of natural laws. Consequently, laws of nature, under this framework, are not merely contingent but are instead causal and necessary truths.
کلیدواژهها English
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