از تحقق چندگانه تا تشخص: صورت‌بندی مابعدالطبیعی «فردیت تحققی» در پرتو حکمت متعالیه

Problem Multiple realization in contemporary metaphysics and philosophy of mind has mainly been introduced to explain how a single kind, property, or state can be realized in different structures and substrates. However, the existence of multiple realizations does not, by itself, determine whether these realizations belong to one individual or to multiple individuals. This article formulates this issue as a gap between “realization” and “individuality” and proposes the concept of “realizational individuality” to analyze it. The central question is: if one kind exists through multiple realizations, what determines the individual status of those realizations? The article argues that realization, structure, and function, although important for explaining how a kind is realized, are not sufficient by themselves to determine individuality. An intermediate level, termed “mode of existence,” is therefore introduced. The proposed architecture is expressed as the sequence “Kind → Realization → Mode of Existence → Individuality.” Mode of existence is analyzed through four dimensions: existential unity, existential independence, existential continuity, and existential structure. To provide a metaphysical basis for the model, the article constructively draws on the primacy of existence, the gradation of being, and the analysis of individuation in Transcendent Theosophy, without claiming that Mulla Sadra historically formulated a theory of multiple realization. Tests involving different realizations of one individual, similar realizations of different individuals, gradual change, duplication, and branching show that multiple realization does not necessarily entail multiple individuals, nor does identical realization entail numerical identity. The contribution lies in formulating the problem of individual belonging of realizations and proposing “mode of existence” as an intermediate metaphysical level between realization and individuation.